托福阅读1000词-第37部分
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3。 The ecology of the area permitted the predators to prowl the surrounding barrens。 这个地区的生态环境使掠食者可以在周围的荒漠中潜行。
同义 enable; allow(v。 允许);license(n。 许可证,执照)
phase[feiz]n。 相位,月相;阶段 v。 分阶段实行
搭配 the phases of the Moon 月相
例句 1。 During all phases of sleep; we can observe there are several changes in the air passages。 在睡眠的各个阶段,可以观察到呼吸道存在多种变化。
2。 As far back as 30;000 B。C。; hunters may have used a system of notation that was engraved on bones and stones to mark phases of the Moon。 远在公元前30000年,捕猎者或许会用刻在骨头和石头上的一系列符号来记录月相。
3。 For thousands of years; the phases of the Moon have been used as primary divisions of time。 几千年来,月相一直被用于区分时间。
同义 period(n。 时期)
pipeline['paiplain]n。 管线,管道
例句 Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults and cause serious oil spills。 石油运输管道会因故障破损,导致严重的石油泄漏。
plastic['pl?stik]n。 塑料;[常 pl。]塑料制品 a。 塑料的
搭配 plastic trash bags 塑料垃圾袋;plastic bead 塑料珠子
例句 Petrochemicals such as dyes; fertilizers; and plastic are all made from petroleum。 染料、肥料和塑料等石油化工制品都是由石油加工而成的。
plug[pl?g]n。 插头;塞子 v。 把…塞住;宣传
例句 The ship was badly holed; and fortunately; a hole the size of a man's fist was plugged by a piece of coral。 这艘船已经千疮百孔,但幸运的是,一个像拳头那么大的洞被一块珊瑚堵住了。
portable['p?:rt?bl]a。 轻便的;手提式的
搭配 portable camera 便携式照相机
例句 Nowadays; portable drilling machines that can be dismantled and removed are manufactured。 如今,既能拆卸又能移动的便携式钻孔机被制造出来了。
要点 portable computer表示“手提电脑”,常见的还有tablet,表示“平板电脑”。
pot[pɑ:t]n。 壶;罐;锅
例句 In some religious ceremonies; pots played an important role。 在一些宗教仪式上,罐子有很重要的作用。
preservation[?prez?r'vei?n]n。 保护;贮藏;保存
例句 1。 Carbonization is a more precise process of preservation than replacement。 碳化是一个更精确的保存过程,而不是替换过程。
2。 Attack by scavengers; bacteria and chemical decay; along with the destruction by erosion and other geologic agencies; makes the odds against preservation very high。 清除剂、细菌和化学腐蚀的侵害,加上侵蚀和其他地质作用的破坏,这些都提高了贮藏的难度。
3。 Even if plants or animals become fossilized; permanent preservation cannot be guaranteed after burial。 即使动植物变成了化石,在被埋葬之后也不能保证这些化石能够被永久保存。
prevalent['prev?l?nt]a。 流行的,普遍的
例句 1。 In the Pacific Northwest of the United States; these species of deer have been prevalent。 在美国太平洋西北部,这些种类的鹿很常见。
2。 In the equatorial mountains; the low growth form of plants is less prevalent than in other areas。 在赤道地区的山脉上,植物以低矮形态生长的现象就不像其他地区那样普遍了。
3。 Colds are often prevalent in winter。 感冒通常在冬天流行。
要点 prevalent的词义更接近于in style,表示“流行的”,不常用common和universal替代,这两个词多用来表达“普通的”含义,但prevalent强调的是“流行”。
principal['prins?pl]a。 主要的 n。 负责人;校长
例句 1。 Not until the eighteenth century did the banks begin to provide capital for business investment and their principal function was to provide funds for the state。 直到18世纪,银行才开始为商业投资提供资金,而他们的主要职能是为国家提供资金。
2。 Throughout the Middle Ages; the principal seagoing ship was the galley。 在整个中世纪,航海主要使用大帆船。
要点 principal最常用的词义是“主要的”,相当于the most important。另外,principal的词形与principle“原理”十分相似,在阅读中一定要看仔细。
questionable['kwes??n?bl]a。 可疑的;不可靠的
例句 Because the yawning patterns of children and adults are proved to be different; this evidence is questionable。 由于儿童和成人打哈欠的模式被证明是不同的,因此这一证据还有待证实。
raw[r?:]a。 生的;自然状态的,未经加工的
例句 1。 In the Middle East; there are few useful and decorative raw materials; but in neighboring regions; they can be found easily。 在中东地区,有用的装饰性原材料很少,但在周边地区这些材料可以很容易找到。
2。 Steam is the motive force of the Industrial Revolution and coal and iron are the necessary raw materials。 蒸汽是工业革命的驱动力,而煤炭和铁矿都是必需的原材料。
recall[ri'k?:l]v。 回忆起 n。 记性;召回
例句 1。 Young children have better long…term recall of short verbal conversations than the long ones。 小孩子对简短交谈的长期记忆比那些较长的对话要好。
2。 The passage of time does not account for the inability to recall early experiences since adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years ago。 时光流逝无法解释为何我们不能记起早期的经历,因为成人可以很容易认出照片中35年前一起学习的高中同学。
3。 The old scholar recalled that the festival got started in the 1930s。 那位年长的学者记得,这个节日的庆祝始于20世纪30年代。
同义 recollect(v。 回忆起)
reclamation[?rekl?'mei?n]n。 开垦;改造
例句 1。 Between 1590 and 1665; land reclamation continued; and almost 100;000 hectares were reclaimed from the wetland。 在1590年至1665年之间,土地开垦得以继续,几乎100000公顷的湿地都被开垦了。
2。 The investors built windmills to power the drainage pumps; thus they were able to lease the reclamation to farmers as early as 1612; and received annual leasing payments at an interest rate of 17 percent。 投资者们建造风车来为排水泵提供动力,这样他们早在1612年就得以把开垦的土地出租给农民们,并以每年17%的利率收取租金。
3。 Land reclamation and improvement allowed the Dutch to get agricultural products that they wanted。 土地的开垦和改善使荷兰人可以得到他们想要的农产品。
reflection[ri'flek?n]n。 反映;深思;反射
搭配 without reflection 轻率;on reflection 经再三思考
例句 1。 They found that systematic reflection on teaching required the ability to understand classroom events in an objective manner。 他们发现对教学的系统反思要求教师具备以客观的方式理解课堂事件的能力。
2。 Through their work they proved conclusively that reflection benefits both teachers and students though it is difficult。 通过他们的工作,最终证实尽管反思很难,但对老师和学生来说都是有益的。
3。 Whether a person can overcome the difficulties in the process of reflection may depend on the nature and intensity of their motivation to reflect。 一个人能否克服在反思中遇到的困难或许取决于反思的动机的本质和强烈程度。
reflective[ri'flektiv]a。 反应的;深思熟虑的
例句 1。 The volunteers in the program said that they found it difficult to put aside the immediate demands of others in order to give them enough time to develop their reflective skills。 参与该项目的志愿者表示,他们发现很难不顾及他人当下的需求,来为自己争取足够的时间提升反应能力。
2。 The work of the two persons suggests the importance of recognizing some of the difficulties in the reflective practice。 这两个人的工作显示出,在反思性实践的过程中,认识到有困难存在是十分重要的。
refresh[ri'fre?]v。 使清新;(使)精神振作;(使)恢复活力
例句 It was such a hot night that I had a cold shower to refresh myself。 那天晚上很热,我不得不冲个冷水澡来提提神。
reluctant[ri'l?kt?nt]a。 不情愿的,勉强的
例句 Artists who were most dependent on photography were reluctant to admit that they had used it; because their professional standing would be affected。 主要依赖摄影技术的艺术家们不愿承认他们使用过这种技术,因为他们的专业地位可能会受到影响。
repudiate[ri'pju:dieit]v。 与(某人)断绝来往;脱离关系
例句 The worker was bound to the employer by a mutual contract that either one could repudiate; and the relationship was conceptualized as one of partnership。 员工因一份共同的合同而受到老板的束缚,这份合同的任何一方都可以拒绝履行,因此他们之间的关系也被概念化为一种合作关系。
reservoir['rez?rvwɑ:r]n。 水库,蓄水池;汇集
例句 Some scholars agree that the construction of small dams and reservoirs indicates the farmers are intensifying their efforts。 一些学者同意,小型水坝和水库的建设证明了这些农民付出了更多的努力。
residence['rezid?ns]n。 住处;居住,(合法)居住资格
例句 1。 The residence time of water in a lake is the average length of time that any detailed molecule of water remains in the lake。 By dividing the volume of water in the lake; the rate that water leaves the lake can be calculated。 水在湖里的停留时间是指湖中每一个精确的水分子在湖里停留的平均时长,通过划分湖中的水量,能够计算出湖水离开湖的速率。
2。 Archaeologists find that the most isolated residences also obtained some pottery and probably food from some distance away during the eleventh and twelfth centuries。 考古学家发现在11和12世纪期间,最与世隔绝的住房中也有一些来自较远地区的陶器和食物。
restless['restl?s]a。 不安的,焦躁的;不停的
例句 He found that caged birds became restless when they would normally have begun migration in the wild。 他发现那些本该在野外开始迁徙的鸟在被困于笼中时会变得焦躁不安。
restricted[ri'striktid]a。 限制的;受约束的
例句 1。 The produce was transported to cities where the consumption of fruit and vegetables was no longer restricted to the wealthy。 农产品被运送到城市中去,在那里水果和蔬菜的消费群体不再只局限于富裕的人。
2。 The Columbian white…tailed deer was once very common in the open prairie country; but now it is restricted to the low and marshy islands。 在辽阔的草原国家,哥伦比亚白尾鹿曾经一度十分常见,可是现在却只能在低地和湿地看到了。
route[ru:t]n。 路线;路