孙子兵法(中英文对照版)-第8部分
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t a short way means dispersion。
43。 When you leave your own country behind； and take your army across neighborhood territory； you find yourself on critical ground。 When there are means of munication on all four sides； the ground is one of intersecting highways。
44。 When you penetrate deeply into a country； it is serious ground。 When you penetrate but a little way； it is facile ground。
45。 When you have the enemy's strongholds on your rear； and narrow passes in front； it is hemmed…in ground。 When there is no place of refuge at all； it is desperate ground。
46。 Therefore； on dispersive ground； I would inspire my men with unity of purpose。 On facile ground； I would see that there is close connection between all parts of my army。
47。 On contentious ground； I would hurry up my rear。
48。 On open ground； I would keep a vigilant eye on my defenses。 On ground of intersecting highways； I would consolidate my alliances。
49。 On serious ground； I would try to ensure a continuous stream of supplies。 On difficult ground； I would keep pushing on along the road。
50。 On hemmed…in ground； I would block any way of retreat。 On desperate ground； I would proclaim to my soldiers the hopelessness of saving their lives。
51。 For it is the soldier's disposition to offer an obstinate resistance when surrounded； to fight hard when he cannot help himself； and to obey promptly when he has fallen into danger。
52。 We cannot enter into alliance with neighboring princes until we are acquainted with their designs。 We are not fit to lead an army on the march unless we are familiar with the face of the countryits mountains and forests； its pitfalls and precipices； its marshes and swamps。 We shall be unable to turn natural advantages to account unless we make use of local guides。
53。 To be ignored of any one of the following four or five principles does not befit a warlike prince。
54。 When a warlike prince attacks a powerful state； his generalship shows itself in preventing the concentration of the enemy's forces。 He overawes his opponents； and their allies are prevented from joining against him。
55。 Hence he does not strive to ally himself with all and sundry； nor does he foster the power of other states。 He carries out his own secret designs； keeping his antagonists in awe。 Thus he is able to capture their cities and overthrow their kingdoms。
56。 Bestow rewards without regard to rule； issue orders without regard to previous arrangements； and you will be able to handle a whole army as though you had to do with but a single man。
57。 Confront your soldiers with the deed itself； never let them know your design。 When the outlook is bright； bring it before their eyes； but tell them nothing when the situation is gloomy。
58。 Place your army in deadly peril； and it will survive； plunge it into desperate straits； and it will e off in safety。
59。 For it is precisely when a force has fallen into harm's way that is capable of striking a blow for victory。
60。 Success in warfare is gained by carefully acmodating ourselves to the enemy's purpose。
61。 By persistently hanging on the enemy's flank； we shall succeed in the long run in killing the mander…in…chief。
62。 This is called ability to acplish a thing by sheer cunning。
63。 On the day that you take up your mand； block the frontier passes； destroy the official tallies； and stop the passage of all emissaries。
64。 Be stern in the council…chamber； so that you may control the situation。
65。 If the enemy leaves a door open； you must rush in。
66。 Forestall your opponent by seizing what he holds dear； and subtly contrive to time his arrival on the ground。
67。 Walk in the path defined by rule； and acmodate yourself to the enemy until you can fight a decisive battle。
68。 At first； then； exhibit the coyness of a maiden； until the enemy gives you an opening； afterwards emulate the rapidity of a running hare； and it will be too late for the enemy to oppose you。
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12《孫子兵法》火攻篇第十二
孫子曰：凡火攻有五：一曰火人，二曰火積，三曰火輜，四曰火庫，五曰火隊。行火必有因，煙火必素具。發火有時，起火有日。時者，天之燥也。日者，月在萁、壁、翼、軫也。凡此四宿者，風起之日也。
凡火攻，必因五火之變而應之。火發于內，則早應之于外。火發而其兵靜者，待而勿攻。極其火力，可從而從之，不可從而止。火可發于外，無待于內，以時發之。火發上風，無攻下風。晝風久，夜風止。凡軍必知有五火之變，以數守之。
故以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者強。水可以絕，不可以奪。
夫戰勝攻取，而不修其功者凶，命曰“費留”。故曰：明主懀е紝⑿拗７抢粍樱堑貌挥茫俏２粦稹Ｖ鞑豢梢耘d師，將不可以慍而致戰。合于利而動，不合于利而止。怒可以復喜，慍可以復悅，亡國不可以復存，死者不可以復生。故明君慎之，良將警之。此安國全軍之道也。
XII。 THE ATTACK BY FIRE
1。 Sun Tzu said： There are five ways of attacking with fire。 The first is to burn soldiers in their camp； the second is to burn stores； the third is to burn baggage trains； the fourth is to burn arsenals and magazines； the fifth is to hurl dropping fire amongst the enemy。
2。 In order to carry out an attack； we must have means available。 The material for raising fire should always be kept in readiness。
3。 There is a proper season for making attacks with fire； and special days for starting a conflagration。
4。 The proper season is when the weather is very dry； the special days are those when the moon is in the constellations of the Sieve； the Wall； the Wing or the Cross…bar； for these four are all days of rising wind。
5。 In attacking with fire； one should be prepared to meet five possible developments：
6。 （1） When fire breaks out inside to enemy's camp； respond at once with an attack from without。
7。 （2） If there is an outbreak of fire； but the enemy's soldiers remain quiet； bide your time and do not attack。
8。 （3） When the force of the flames has reached its height； follow it up with an attack； if that is practicable； if not； stay where you are。
9。 （4） If it is possible to make an assault with fire from without； do not wait for it to break out within； but deliver your attack at a favorable moment。
10。 （5） When you start a fire； be to windward of it。 Do not attack from the leeward。
11。 A wind that rises in the daytime lasts long； but a night breeze soon falls。
12。 In every army； the five developments connected with fire must be known； the movements of the stars calculated； and a watch kept for the proper days。
13。 Hence those who use fire as an aid to the attack show intelligence； those who use water as an aid to the attack gain an accession of strength。
14。 By means of water； an enemy may be intercepted； but not robbed of all his belongings。
15。 Unhappy is the fate of one who tries to win his battles and succeed in his attacks without cultivating the spirit of enterprise； for the result is waste of time and general stagnation。
16。 Hence the saying： The enlightened ruler lays his plans well ahead； the good general cultivates his resources。
17。 Move not unless you see an advantage； use not your troops unless there is something to be gained； fight not unless the position is critical。
18。 No ruler should put troops into the field merely to gratify his own spleen； no general should fight a battle simply out of pique。
19。 If it is to your advantage； make a forward move； if not； stay where you are。
20。 Anger may in time change to gladness； vexation may be succeeded by content。
21。 But a kingdom that has once been destroyed can never e again into being； nor can the dead ever be brought back to life。
22。 Hence the enlightened ruler is heedful； and the good general full of caution。 This is the way to keep a country at peace and an army intact。
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13《孫子兵法》用間篇第十三
孫子曰：凡興師十萬，出征千里，百姓之費，公家之奉，日費千金。內外颍齽樱∮诘缆罚坏貌偈抡撸呤f家。相守數年，以爭一日之勝，而愛爵祿百金，不知敵之情者，不仁之至也。非人之將也，非主之佐也，非勝之主也。故明君賢將，所以動而勝人，成功出于眾者，先知也。先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可驗于度。必取于人，知敵之情者也。
故用間有五：有因間，有內間，有反間，有死間，有生間。五間俱起，莫知其道，是謂神紀，人君之寶也。因間者，因其鄉人而用之。內間者，因其官人而用之。反間者，因其敵間而用之。死間者，為誑事于外，令吾聞知之，而傳于敵間也。生間者，反報也。
故三軍之事，莫親于間，賞莫厚于間，事莫密于間。非拢遣荒苡瞄g，非仁義不能使間，非微妙不能得間之實。微哉！微哉！無所不用間也。間事未發，而先聞者，間與所告者兼死。
凡軍之所欲擊，城之所欲攻，人之所欲殺，必先知其守將、左右、郑д摺㈤T者、舍人之姓名，令吾間必索知之。
必索敵人之間來間我者，因而利之，導而舍之，故反間可得而用也。因是而知之，故鄉間、內間可得而使也﹔因是而知之，故死間為誑事可使告敵﹔因是而知之，故生間可使如期。五間之事，君必知之，知之必在于反間，故反間不可不厚也。
昔殷之興也，伊摯在夏﹔周之興也，呂牙在殷。故惟明君賢將能以上智為間者，必成大功。此兵之要，三軍之所恃而動也。
XIII。 THE USE OF SPIES
1。 Sun Tzu said： Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State。 The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver。 There will be motion at home and abroad； and men will drop down exhausted on the highways。 As many as seven hundred thousand
