建立世界贸易组织的协议 (中英文-第4部分

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ch　are　Members　of　the　WTO。　Decisions　of　the　Ministerial　Conference　and　the　General　Council　shall　be　taken　by　a　majority　of　the　votes　cast；　unless　otherwise　provided　in　this　Agreement　or　in　the　relevant　Multilateral　Trade　Agreement。

2。　The　Ministerial　Conference　and　the　General　Council　shall　have　the　exclusive　authority　to　adopt　interpretations　of　this　Agreement　and　of　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements。　In　the　case　of　an　interpretation　of　a　Multilateral　Trade　Agreement　in　Annex　1；　they　shall　exercise　their　authority　on　the　basis　of　a　remendation　by　the　Council　overseeing　the　functioning　of　that　Agreement。　The　decision　to　adopt　an　interpretation　shall　be　taken　by　a　three…fourths　majority　of　the　Members。　This　paragraph　shall　not　be　used　in　a　manner　that　would　undermine　the　amendment　provisions　in　Article　X。

3。　In　exceptional　circumstances；　the　Ministerial　Conference　may　decide　to　waive　an　obligation　imposed　on　a　Member　by　this　Agreement　or　any　of　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements；　provided　that　any　such　decision　shall　be　taken　by　three　fourths　of　the　Members　unless　otherwise　provided　for　in　this　paragraph。

（a）　A　request　for　a　waiver　concerning　this　Agreement　shall　be　submitted　to　the　Ministerial　Conference　for　consideration　pursuant　to　the　practice　of　decision…making　by　consensus。　The　Ministerial　Conference　shall　establish　a　time…period；　which　shall　not　exceed　90　days；　to　consider　the　request。　If　consensus　is　not　reached　during　the　time…period；　any　decision　to　grant　a　waiver　shall　be　taken　by　three　fourths4　of　the　Members。

（b）　A　request　for　a　waiver　concerning　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements　in　Annexes　1A　or　1B　or　1C　and　their　annexes　shall　be　submitted　initially　to　the　Council　for　Trade　in　Goods；　the　Council　for　Trade　in　Services　or　the　Council　for　TRIPS；　respectively；　for　consideration　during　a　time…period　which　shall　not　exceed　90　days。　At　the　end　of　the　time…period；　the　relevant　Council　shall　submit　a　report　to　the　Ministerial　Conference。

4。　A　decision　by　the　Ministerial　Conference　granting　a　waiver　shall　state　the　exceptional　circumstances　justifying　the　decision；　the　terms　and　conditions　governing　the　application　of　the　waiver；　and　the　date　on　which　the　waiver　shall　terminate。　Any　waiver　granted　for　a　period　of　more　than　one　year　shall　be　reviewed　by　the　Ministerial　Conference　not　later　than　one　year　after　it　is　granted；　and　thereafter　annually　until　the　waiver　terminates。　In　each　review；　the　Ministerial　Conference　shall　examine　whether　the　exceptional　circumstances　justifying　the　waiver　still　exist　and　whether　the　terms　and　conditions　attached　to　the　waiver　have　been　met。　The　Ministerial　Conference；　on　the　basis　of　the　annual　review；　may　extend；　modify　or　terminate　the　waiver。

5。　Decisions　under　a　Plurilateral　Trade　Agreement；　including　any　decisions　on　interpretations　and　waivers；　shall　be　governed　by　the　provisions　of　that　Agreement。


Article　X

Amendments

1。　Any　Member　of　the　WTO　may　initiate　a　proposal　to　amend　the　provisions　of　this　Agreement　or　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements　in　Annex　1　by　submitting　such　proposal　to　the　Ministerial　Conference。　The　Councils　listed　in　paragraph　5　of　Article　IV　may　also　submit　to　the　Ministerial　Conference　proposals　to　amend　the　provisions　of　the　corresponding　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements　in　Annex　1　the　functioning　of　which　they　oversee。　Unless　the　Ministerial　Conference　decides　on　a　longer　period；　for　a　period　of　90　days　after　the　proposal　has　been　tabled　formally　at　the　Ministerial　Conference　any　decision　by　the　Ministerial　Conference　to　submit　the　proposed　amendment　to　the　Members　for　acceptance　shall　be　taken　by　consensus。　Unless　the　provisions　of　paragraphs　2；　5　or　6　apply；　that　decision　shall　specify　whether　the　provisions　of　paragraphs　3　or　4　shall　apply。　If　consensus　is　reached；　the　Ministerial　Conference　shall　forthwith　submit　the　proposed　amendment　to　the　Members　for　acceptance。　If　consensus　is　not　reached　at　a　meeting　of　the　Ministerial　Conference　within　the　established　period；　the　Ministerial　Conference　shall　decide　by　a　two…thirds　majority　of　the　Members　whether　to　submit　the　proposed　amendment　to　the　Members　for　acceptance。　Except　as　provided　in　paragraphs　2；　5　and　6；　the　provisions　of　paragraph　3　shall　apply　to　the　proposed　amendment；　unless　the　Ministerial　Conference　decides　by　a　three…fourths　majority　of　the　Members　that　the　provisions　of　paragraph　4　shall　apply。

2。　Amendments　to　the　provisions　of　this　Article　and　to　the　provisions　of　the　following　Articles　shall　take　effect　only　upon　acceptance　by　all　Members：

Article　IX　of　this　Agreement；
Articles　I　and　II　of　GATT　1994；
Article　II：1　of　GATS；
Article　4　of　the　Agreement　on　TRIPS。

3。　Amendments　to　provisions　of　this　Agreement；　or　of　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements　in　Annexes　1A　and　1C；　other　than　those　listed　in　paragraphs　2　and　6；　of　a　nature　that　would　alter　the　rights　and　obligations　of　the　Members；　shall　take　effect　for　the　Members　that　have　accepted　them　upon　acceptance　by　two　thirds　of　the　Members　and　thereafter　for　each　other　Member　upon　acceptance　by　it。　The　Ministerial　Conference　may　decide　by　a　three…fourths　majority　of　the　Members　that　any　amendment　made　effective　under　this　paragraph　is　of　such　a　nature　that　any　Member　which　has　not　accepted　it　within　a　period　specified　by　the　Ministerial　Conference　in　each　case　shall　be　free　to　withdraw　from　the　WTO　or　to　remain　a　Member　with　the　consent　of　the　Ministerial　Conference。

4。　Amendments　to　provisions　of　this　Agreement　or　of　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements　in　Annexes　1A　and　1C；　other　than　those　listed　in　paragraphs　2　and　6；　of　a　nature　that　would　not　alter　the　rights　and　obligations　of　the　Members；　shall　take　effect　for　all　Members　upon　acceptance　by　two　thirds　of　the　Members。

5。　Except　as　provided　in　paragraph　2　above；　amendments　to　Parts　I；　II　and　III　of　GATS　and　the　respective　annexes　shall　take　effect　for　the　Members　that　have　accepted　them　upon　acceptance　by　two　thirds　of　the　Members　and　thereafter　for　each　Member　upon　acceptance　by　it。　The　Ministerial　Conference　may　decide　by　a　three…fourths　majority　of　the　Members　that　any　amendment　made　effective　under　the　preceding　provision　is　of　such　a　nature　that　any　Member　which　has　not　accepted　it　within　a　period　specified　by　the　Ministerial　Conference　in　each　case　shall　be　free　to　withdraw　from　the　WTO　or　to　remain　a　Member　with　the　consent　of　the　Ministerial　Conference。　Amendments　to　Parts　IV；　V　and　VI　of　GATS　and　the　respective　annexes　shall　take　effect　for　all　Members　upon　acceptance　by　two　thirds　of　the　Members。

6。　Notwithstanding　the　other　provisions　of　this　Article；　amendments　to　the　Agreement　on　TRIPS　meeting　the　requirements　of　paragraph　2　of　Article　71　thereof　may　be　adopted　by　the　Ministerial　Conference　without　further　formal　acceptance　process。

7。　Any　Member　accepting　an　amendment　to　this　Agreement　or　to　a　Multilateral　Trade　Agreement　in　Annex　1　shall　deposit　an　instrument　of　acceptance　with　the　Director…General　of　the　WTO　within　the　period　of　acceptance　specified　by　the　Ministerial　Conference。

8。　Any　Member　of　the　WTO　may　initiate　a　proposal　to　amend　the　provisions　of　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements　in　Annexes　2　and　3　by　submitting　such　proposal　to　the　Ministerial　Conference。　The　decision　to　approve　amendments　to　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreement　in　Annex　2　shall　be　made　by　consensus　and　these　amendments　shall　take　effect　for　all　Members　upon　approval　by　the　Ministerial　Conference。　Decisions　to　approve　amendments　to　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreement　in　Annex　3　shall　take　effect　for　all　Members　upon　approval　by　the　Ministerial　Conference。

9。　The　Ministerial　Conference；　upon　the　request　of　the　Members　parties　to　a　trade　agreement；　may　decide　exclusively　by　consensus　to　add　that　agreement　to　Annex　4。　The　Ministerial　Conference；　upon　the　request　of　the　Members　parties　to　a　Plurilateral　Trade　Agreement；　may　decide　to　delete　that　Agreement　from　Annex　4。

10。　Amendments　to　a　Plurilateral　Trade　Agreement　shall　be　governed　by　the　provisions　of　that　Agreement。


Article　XI

Original　Membership

1。　The　contracting　parties　to　GATT　1947　as　of　the　date　of　entry　into　force　of　this　Agreement；　and　the　European　munities；　which　accept　this　Agreement　and　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements　and　for　which　Schedules　of　Concessions　and　mitments　are　annexed　to　GATT　1994　and　for　which　Schedules　of　Specific　mitments　are　annexed　to　GATS　shall　bee　original　Members　of　the　WTO。

2。　The　least…developed　countries　recognized　as　such　by　the　United　Nations　will　only　be　required　to　undertake　mitments　and　concessions　to　the　extent　consistent　with　their　individual　development；　financial　and　trade　needs　or　their　administrative　and　institutional　capabilities。


Article　XII

Accession

1。　Any　State　or　separate　customs　territory　possessing　full　autonomy　in　the　conduct　of　its　external　mercial　relations　and　of　the　other　matters　provided　for　in　this　Agreement　and　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements　may　accede　to　this　Agreement；　on　terms　to　be　agreed　between　it　and　the　WTO。　Such　accession　shall　apply　to　this　Agreement　and　the　Multilateral　Trade　Agreements　annexed　thereto。

2。　Decisions　on　accession　shall　be　taken　by　the　Ministerial　Conference。　The　Ministerial　Conference　shall　appr